96 research outputs found

    Apprentissage de CP-nets probabilistes

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    National audienceNous présentons une extension probabiliste des réseaux de préférences conditionnelles (CP-nets). Nous montrons comment ce formalisme permet d'apprendre de façon approximative les préférences d'un ensemble d'utilisateurs sur des objets définis de façon combinatoire. Notre approche utilise un algorithme de type expectation-maximisation

    Learning Probabilistic CP-nets from Observations of Optimal Items

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    International audienceModelling preferences has been an active research topic in Artificial Intelligence for more than fifteen years. Existing formalisms are rich and flexible enough to describe the behaviour of complex decision rules. However, for being interesting in practice, these formalisms must also permit fast elicitation of a user's preferences, involving a reasonable amount of interaction only. Therefore, it is interesting to learn not a single model, but a probabilistic model that can compactly represent the preferences of a group of users - this model can then be finely tuned to fit one particular user. Even in contexts where a user is not anonymous, her preferences are usually ill-known, because they can depend on the value of non controllable state variable. In such contexts, we would like to be able to answer questions like "What is the probability that o is preferred to o' by some (unknown) agent?", or "Which item is most likely to be the preferred one, given some constraints?". We study in this paper how Probabilistic Conditional Preference networks can be learnt, both in off-line and on-line settings. We suppose that we have a list of items which, it is assumed, are or have been optimal for some user or in some context. Such a list can be, for instance, a list of items that have been sold. We prove that such information is sufficient to learn a partial order over the set of possible items, when these have a combinatorial structure

    Représentation et apprentissage de préférences

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    La modĂ©lisation des prĂ©fĂ©rences par le biais de formalismes de reprĂ©sentation compacte fait l'objet de travaux soutenus en intelligence artificielle depuis plus d'une quinzaine d'annĂ©es. Ces formalismes permettent l'expression de modĂšles suffisamment flexibles et riches pour dĂ©crire des comportements de dĂ©cision complexes. Pour ĂȘtre intĂ©ressants en pratique, ces formalismes doivent de plus permettre l'Ă©licitation des prĂ©fĂ©rences de l'utilisateur, et ce en restant Ă  un niveau admissible d'interaction. La configuration de produits combinatoires dans sa version business to customer et la recherche Ă  base de prĂ©fĂ©rences constituent de bons exemples de ce type de problĂšme de dĂ©cision oĂč les prĂ©fĂ©rences de l'utilisateur ne sont pas connues a priori. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes penchĂ©s sur l'apprentissage de GAI-dĂ©compositions. Nous verrons qu'il est possible d'apprendre une telle reprĂ©sentation en temps polynomial en passant par un systĂšme d'inĂ©quations linĂ©aires. Dans un second temps, nous proposerons une version probabiliste des CP-nets permettant la reprĂ©sentation de prĂ©fĂ©rences multi-utilisateurs afin de rĂ©duire le temps nĂ©cessaire Ă  l'apprentissage des prĂ©fĂ©rences d'un utilisateur. Nous Ă©tudierons les diffĂ©rentes requĂȘtes que l'on peut utiliser avec une telle reprĂ©sentation, puis nous nous pencherons sur la complexitĂ© de ces requĂȘtes. Enfin, nous verrons comment apprendre ce nouveau formalisme, soit grĂące Ă  un apprentissage hors ligne Ă  partir d'un ensemble d'objets optimaux, soit grĂące Ă  un apprentissage en ligne Ă  partir d'un ensemble de questions posĂ©es Ă  l'utilisateur

    Apprentissage de GAI-décompositions

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    National audienceDans cet article, nous étudions l'acquisition de GAI- décompositions de degré connu d'ordres de préférence dont un ensemble d'exemples est donné en entrée. Nous montrons que l'on peut représenter les GAI- décompositions cohérentes avec un ensemble d'exemples comme les solutions d'un systÚme d'équations linéaires. Nous en déduisons un algorithme d'apprentissage passif (utilisant seulement des exemples observés) pour les GAI-décompositions de degré connu et constant. Nous montrons enfin comment généraliser ce résultat pour calculer des GAI-décompositions de degré ou de taille minimaux

    Probabilistic Conditional Preference Networks (JIAF 2013)

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    International audienceIn order to represent the preferences of a group of individuals, we introduce Probabilistic CP-nets (PCP-nets). PCP-nets provide a compact language for representing probability distributions over preference orderings. We argue that they are useful for aggregating preferences or modelling noisy preferences. Then we give efficient algorithms for the main reasoning problems, namely for computing the probability that a given outcome is preferred to another one, and the probability that a given outcome is optimal. As a by-product, we obtain an unexpected linear-time algorithm for checking dominance in a standard, tree-structured CP-net.Afin de reprĂ©senter les prĂ©fĂ©rences d’un groupe d’individus, nous introduisons les CP-nets probabilistes (PCP-net). Les PCP-nets fournissent un langage compact pour reprĂ©senter des distributions de probabilitĂ©s sur des ordres de prĂ©fĂ©rences. Nous pensons qu’ils sont utiles pour modĂ©liser des agrĂ©gations de prĂ©fĂ©rences ou encore des prĂ©fĂ©rences bruitĂ©es. Puis, nous proposons des algorithmes efficaces pour les principaux problĂšmes de raisonnement ; par exemple pour calculer la probabilitĂ© qu’un objet donnĂ© est prĂ©fĂ©rĂ© `a un autre, ou encore la probabilitĂ© qu’un objet donnĂ© est optimal. En tant que rĂ©sultat dĂ©rivĂ©, on obtient un algorithme, en temps linĂ©aire inattendu, de contrĂŽle de la dominance pour une structure arborescente

    The limb darkening of alpha Cen B: Matching 3D hydrodynamical models with interferometric measurements

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    For the nearby dwarf star alpha Cen B (K1 V), we present limb darkening predictions from a 3D hydro-dynamical radiative transfer model of its atmosphere. We first compare the results of this model to a standard Kurucz's atmosphere. Then we use both predictions to fit the new interferometric visibility measurements of alpha Cen B obtained with the VINCI instrument of the VLT Interferometer. Part of these new visibility measurements were obtained in the second lobe of the visibility function, that is sensitive to stellar limb darkening. The best agreement is found for the 3D atmosphere limb darkening model and a limb darkened angular diameter of theta\_3D = 6.000+-0.021 mas, corresponding to a linear radius of 0.863+-0:003Ro (assuming pi = 747.1+-1.2 mas). Ournew linear radius is in good agreement with the asteroseismic value predicted by Thevenin et al. (2002). In view of future observations of this star with the VLTI/AMBER instrument, we also present limb darkening predictions in the J, H and K bands.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

    Probabilistic Conditional Preference Networks (UAI 2013)

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    International audienceThis paper proposes a \probabilistic" extension of conditional preference networks as a way to compactly represent a probability distributions over preference orderings. It studies the probabilistic counterparts of the main reasoning tasks, namely dominance testing and optimisation from the algorithmical and complexity viewpoints. Efficient algorithms for tree-structured probabilistic CP-nets are given. As a by-product we obtain a lineartime algorithm for dominance testing in standard, tree-structured CP-nets

    Using and Learning GAI-Decompositions for Representing Ordinal Rankings

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    International audienceWe study the use of GAI-decomposable utility functions for representing ordinal rankings on combinatorial sets of objects. Considering only the relative order of objects leaves a lot of freedom for choosing a particular utility function, which allows one to get more compact representations. We focus on the problem of learning such representations, and give a polynomial PAC-learner for the case when a constant bound is known on the degree of the target representation. We also propose linear programming approaches for minimizing such representations

    Mussel as a Tool to Define Continental Watershed Quality

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    Bivalves appear as relevant sentinel species in aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality assessment. This is particularly true in marine ecosystems. In fact, several biomonitoring frameworks in the world used mollusks since several decades on the base of contaminant accumulation (Mussel Watch, ROCCH) and/or biological responses called biomarker (OSPAR) measurements. In freshwater systems, zebra and quagga mussels could represent alternative sentinels, which could be seen as the counterparts of mussel marine species. This chapter presents original studies and projects underlying the interest of these freshwater mussels for water quality monitoring based on contaminant accumulation and biomarker development measurements. These sentinel species could be used as a tool for chemical/biological monitoring of biota under the European water framework directive and for the development of effect-based monitoring tools

    Detection chain and electronic readout of the QUBIC instrument

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    The Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) Technical Demonstrator (TD) aiming to shows the feasibility of the combination of interferometry and bolometric detection. The electronic readout system is based on an array of 128 NbSi Transition Edge Sensors cooled at 350mK readout with 128 SQUIDs at 1K controlled and amplified by an Application Specific Integrated Circuit at 40K. This readout design allows a 128:1 Time Domain Multiplexing. We report the design and the performance of the detection chain in this paper. The technological demonstrator unwent a campaign of test in the lab. Evaluation of the QUBIC bolometers and readout electronics includes the measurement of I-V curves, time constant and the Noise Equivalent Power. Currently the mean Noise Equivalent Power is ~ 2 x 10⁻Âč⁶ W/√Hz
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